{"id":2330,"date":"2023-10-27T13:44:53","date_gmt":"2023-10-27T16:44:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/qualimapas.com\/?p=2330"},"modified":"2025-02-03T12:53:28","modified_gmt":"2025-02-03T15:53:28","slug":"hipsometria-declividades-sombreamento-no-qgis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/qualimapas.com\/index.php\/2023\/10\/27\/hipsometria-declividades-sombreamento-no-qgis\/","title":{"rendered":"Como fazer uma mapa de hipsometria, declividades e sombreamento no QGIS"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Quem nunca precisou fazer um mapa de hipsometria ou Modelo Digital de Eleva\u00e7\u00e3o – MDE<\/strong>?<\/p>

\u00c9 um mapa que representa a altimetria<\/strong> de uma regi\u00e3o, ou seja, sua topografia,<\/strong> as “partes mais altas” e “mais baixas”.<\/p>

Al\u00e9m dele, outro mapa t\u00e3o importante quanto \u00e9 o de declividades<\/strong>. Nesse mapa \u00e9 poss\u00edvel verificar as \u00e1reas pass\u00edveis de ocupa\u00e7\u00e3o urbana, que devem estar nas regi\u00f5es com a declividade acima de 2,5% e abaixo de 45% (de acordo com o c\u00f3digo florestal brasileiro).<\/p>

Neste post voc\u00ea vai aprender a fazer esses dois mapas a partir de curvas de n\u00edvel<\/strong> georreferenciadas e mais um, o de sombreamento. Esse mapa \u00e9 interessante para dar um aspecto de profundidade no seu mapa.<\/p>

Siga o passo-a-passo abaixo ou v\u00e1 direto para a v\u00eddeo aula no youtube!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Quer sair do zero e elaborar mapas completos e complexos, com dados e informa\u00e7\u00f5es organizadas e leg\u00edveis em um curso de apenas 6h?<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsaiba mais<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tentre em contato<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Passo-a-passo<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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V\u00eddeo aula<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Passo-a-passo<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Caso voc\u00ea n\u00e3o tenha curvas de n\u00edveis georreferenciadas da regi\u00e3o que voc\u00ea deseja mapear, confira nessa p\u00e1gina base de dados<\/a> aqui da Qualimapas se voc\u00ea consegue achar o que precisa.<\/p>

Com as curvas selecionadas, v\u00e1 para a caixa de ferramentas de processamento<\/strong> e procure pela fun\u00e7\u00e3o:
-> v.to.rast<\/strong>
-> em\u00a0input feature type\u00a0<\/em>selecione a op\u00e7\u00e3o line<\/strong>, caso seja uma camada de linhas
-> em source raster values<\/em> selecione a op\u00e7\u00e3o attr,\u00a0<\/strong>para colocar os dados da eleva\u00e7\u00e3o a partir da tabela de atributos
<\/span>-> em name of columm…<\/em> selecione a op\u00e7\u00e3o de coluna na tabela que tenha a informa\u00e7\u00e3o de eleva\u00e7\u00e3o da curva de n\u00edvel
-> role para mais configura\u00e7\u00f5es:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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-> No tamanho da C\u00e9lula coloque a resolu\u00e7\u00e3o desejada, neste caso, foi escolhida a resolu\u00e7\u00e3o de 10m<\/strong>, ou seja, cada pixel no mapa ter\u00e1 10mx10m:<\/p>

-> Clique em executar<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ser\u00e1 gerado um arquivo raster com pixels onde h\u00e1 informa\u00e7\u00f5es de curvas, ou seja, v\u00e3o existir alguns “buracos no mapa<\/strong>“:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Para preencher esses buracos e criar o MDE<\/strong> utilize a fun\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/p>

-> r.surf.contour
<\/strong>-> no tamanho da c\u00e9lula coloque a mesma utilizada anteriormente:<\/p>

-> Clique em executar<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Agora \u00e9 hora de escolher a paleta de cores compat\u00edvel com a hipsometria. V\u00e1 em propriedades da camada:
-> Tipo de renderiza\u00e7\u00e3o: Banda simples falsa-cor
<\/strong>-> Inverta o gradiente de cores para deixar as \u00e1reas mais baixas em tons de azul e as \u00e1reas mais altas em tons de vermelho.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Est\u00e1 pronta sua camada de hipsometria ou MDE<\/strong>:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Para fazer o mapa de declividades, v\u00e1 para a caixa de ferramentas de processamento e utilize o comando Declividades<\/strong>:
-> Selecione a camada do MDE
<\/strong>-> Clique em executar<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Para fazer o mapa de sombreamento, v\u00e1 para a caixa de ferramentas de processamento e utilize o comando Sombreamento<\/strong>:
-> Selecione a camada do MDE
<\/strong>-> Configure os \u00e2ngulos da sombra ou deixe as configura\u00e7\u00f5es padr\u00e3o
-> Clique em executar<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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V\u00eddeo aula<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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No v\u00eddeo a seguir tem explica\u00e7\u00f5es mais completas para criar um mapa de hipsometria ou MDE, de declividades e sombreamento <\/b>no QGIS e mais algumas dicas:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Fique por dentro das novidades da qualimapas assinando a newsletter<\/span> no bot\u00e3o inscreva-se ou\u00a0clicando aqui.<\/a>\u00a0
\u00c9 gr\u00e1tis<\/strong> e apenas 1 email por m\u00eas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Quem nunca precisou fazer um mapa de hipsometria ou Modelo Digital de Eleva\u00e7\u00e3o – MDE? \u00c9 um mapa que representa a altimetria de uma regi\u00e3o, ou seja, sua topografia, as “partes mais altas” e “mais baixas”. Al\u00e9m dele, outro mapa t\u00e3o importante quanto \u00e9 o de declividades. Nesse mapa \u00e9 poss\u00edvel verificar as \u00e1reas pass\u00edveis […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2331,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,20,13,26,98,11,22],"tags":[100,99,78,33,83,38,101],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-2330","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-avancado","category-ferramenta","category-layout","category-nivel","category-raster","category-representacao","category-rotulo","tag-declividades","tag-hipsometria","tag-legenda","tag-paleta-de-cores","tag-raster","tag-representacao","tag-sombreamento"],"yoast_head":"\nComo fazer uma mapa de hipsometria, declividades e sombreamento no QGIS - qualimapas.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Um dos mapas mais requisitados na \u00e1rea de Planejamento Urbano e Regional \u00e9 o de hipsometria, mas eu considero que o mapa de declividades \u00e9 o mais \u00fatil para diversos prop\u00f3sitos. Neste v\u00eddeo voc\u00ea vai aprender a fazer os dois e ainda de brinde o mapa de sombreamento para deixar seu mapa ainda mais leg\u00edvel.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/qualimapas.com\/index.php\/2023\/10\/27\/hipsometria-declividades-sombreamento-no-qgis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Como fazer uma mapa de hipsometria, declividades e sombreamento no QGIS - qualimapas.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Um dos mapas mais requisitados na \u00e1rea de Planejamento Urbano e Regional \u00e9 o de hipsometria, mas eu considero que o mapa de declividades \u00e9 o mais \u00fatil para diversos prop\u00f3sitos. 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